There are many advantages to constructing with steel: the strength to weight ratio is excellent; metals join easily; efficient shapes are available; etc.These advantages create challengesthat are best solved by a good understanding of how the metals actually perform in a structure. Structural steel shapes are suitable for a wide variety of uses. For example they are used in, building frames, roof trusses, floor framing, bench frames, gates, fences, cattle grids, scaffolds, tank stands, television towers, car trailers, rails, etc.
Most structural steel failuresoccur at connections, where a beam connects to a column, where a joist connects to a beam, etc. The Structural Engineer must design the steel members and give guidelines for the connections. The cold-formed sections are suitable for all types of welding such as spot welding, seam welding, projection welding, buttand groove welding,plug welding and arc welding. All of these are applicable to both uncoated and zinc coated sections.
Different shapes of structural steel (both hot-rolled and cold-formed)are available with specifications such as:I-beam’s, Z-Shape (half a flange in opposite directions), HSS-Shape (Hollow structural section such as square, rectangular, circular (pipe) and elliptical cross-sections), Equal angle, L-shaped cross-section, Channel ( [-shaped), Tee (T-shaped cross-sections), Rail profile (asymmetrical I-beam), Flanged T-rail, Bar (a piece of metal flat and long), Plate (metal sheets thicker than 6 mm or 1⁄4 in), Open web steel joist.
Some structural steel shapes such as I-beams have a high second moments of area, which can result in stiffness compared to cross-sectional area. It is very important for engineers to have understanding of the material and its limitations.
| m | r1 | r2 | A | ax | ay | v1 | v2 | u1 | u2 | α | |
| Designation hxbxt |
kg/m | mm | mm | 10^3mm^2 | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | mm | deg |
| 65x50x6 | 5.16 | 6 | 3 | 0.658 | 20.4 | 12.9 | 21.4 | 23.9 | 45.2 | 36.1 | 29.9 |
| 8 | 6.75 | 6 | 3 | 0.860 | 21.1 | 13.7 | 22.4 | 23.9 | 44.9 | 36.3 | 29.7 |
| 75x50x6 | 5.65 | 7 | 3.5 | 0.719 | 24.4 | 12.1 | 20.8 | 26.4 | 51.2 | 37.5 | 23.5 |
| 8 | 7.39 | 7 | 3.5 | 0.941 | 25.2 | 12.9 | 21.8 | 26.2 | 50.8 | 37.8 | 23.3 |
| 80x60x6 | 6.37 | 8 | 4 | 0.811 | 24.7 | 14.8 | 24.7 | 29.2 | 55.7 | 43.3 | 28.7 |
| 8 | 8.34 | 8 | 4 | 1.06 | 25.5 | 15.6 | 25.9 | 29.2 | 55.3 | 43.6 | 28.6 |
| 90x65x6 | 7.07 | 8 | 4 | 0.901 | 27.9 | 15.6 | 26.6 | 32.7 | 62.4 | 47.3 | 27.0 |
| 8 | 9.29 | 8 | 4 | 1.18 | 28.8 | 16.4 | 27.7 | 32.6 | 62.0 | 47.6 | 26.9 |
| 10 | 11.4 | 8 | 4 | 1.46 | 29.6 | 17.2 | 28.6 | 32.6 | 61.7 | 47.9 | 26.7 |
| 100x65x8 | 9.94 | 10 | 5 | 1.27 | 32.7 | 15.5 | 26.9 | 34.7 | 68.1 | 49.2 | 22.5 |
| 10 | 12.3 | 10 | 5 | 1.54 | 33.6 | 16.3 | 27.9 | 34.5 | 67.6 | 49.5 | 22.3 |
| 100x75x6 | 8.04 | 10 | 5 | 1.02 | 30.1 | 17.9 | 30.1 | 36.7 | 69.9 | 53.9 | 28.7 |
| 8 | 10.6 | 10 | 5 | 1.35 | 31.0 | 18.7 | 31.3 | 36.5 | 69.5 | 54.2 | 28.7 |
| 10 | 13.0 | 10 | 5 | 1.66 | 31.9 | 19.5 | 32.4 | 36.5 | 69.2 | 54.5 | 28.6 |
| 12 | 15.4 | 10 | 5 | 1.97 | 32.7 | 20.3 | 33.4 | 36.5 | 68.9 | 74.7 | 28.4 |
| 125x75x8 | 12.2 | 11 | 5.5 | 1.55 | 41.4 | 16.8 | 29.8 | 42.0 | 84.4 | 58.6 | 19.8 |
| 10 | 15.0 | 11 | 5.5 | 1.91 | 42.3 | 17.6 | 30.8 | 41.7 | 83.8 | 59.1 | 19.7 |
| 12 | 17.8 | 11 | 5.5 | 2.27 | 43.1 | 18.4 | 31.7 | 41.5 | 83.3 | 59.5 | 19.5 |
| 150x75x10 | 17.0 | 11 | 5.5 | 2.16 | 53.2 | 16.1 | 29.1 | 44.8 | 97.7 | 56.3 | 14.6 |
| 12 | 20.2 | 11 | 5.5 | 2.57 | 54.1 | 16.9 | 29.9 | 44.5 | 97.1 | 66.9 | 14.5 |
| 15 | 24.8 | 11 | 5.5 | 3.16 | 55.3 | 18.1 | 31.1 | 44.1 | 96.2 | 67.6 | 14.2 |
| 150x90x10 | 18.2 | 12 | 6 | 2.32 | 50.0 | 20.4 | 36.1 | 50.3 | 101 | 70.6 | 19.8 |
| 12 | 21.6 | 12 | 6 | 2.75 | 50.8 | 21.2 | 37.1 | 50.0 | 100 | 71.1 | 19.7 |
| 15 | 26.6 | 12 | 6 | 3.39 | 52.1 | 22.3 | 38.4 | 48.8 | 99.8 | 71.6 | 19.5 |
| I | Ze | r | I | Ze | r | J | |
| Designation h*b*t |
10^6mm^4 | 10^3mm^3 | mm | 10^6mm^4 | 10^3mm^3 | mm | 10^3mm^4 |
| About x-x | About y-y | ||||||
| 65x50x6 | 0.272 | 6.10 | 20.3 | 0.140 | 3.77 | 14.6 | 8.44 |
| 8 | 0.348 | 7.93 | 20.1 | 0.177 | 4.89 | 14.4 | 19.1 |
| 75x50x6 | 0.405 | 8.01 | 23.7 | 0.144 | 3.81 | 14.2 | 9.42 |
| 8 | 0.520 | 10.4 | 23.5 | 0.184 | 4.95 | 14.0 | 21.3 |
| 80x60x6 | 0.514 | 9.29 | 25.2 | 0.248 | 5.49 | 17.5 | 10.8 |
| 8 | 0.663 | 12.2 | 25.0 | 0.318 | 7.16 | 17.3 | 24.4 |
| 90x65x6 | 0.734 | 11.8 | 28.5 | 0.323 | 6.53 | 18.9 | 11.9 |
| 8 | 0.949 | 15.5 | 28.3 | 0.415 | 8.54 | 18.7 | 26.9 |
| 10 | 1.15 | 19.0 | 28.1 | 0.499 | 10.4 | 18.5 | 50.9 |
| 100x65x8 | 1.27 | 18.9 | 31.6 | 0.422 | 8.54 | 18.3 | 29.9 |
| 10 | 1.54 | 23.2 | 31.4 | 0.510 | 10.5 | 18.1 | 56.2 |
| 100x75x6 | 1.02 | 14.7 | 31.6 | 0.495 | 8.67 | 22.0 | 14.1 |
| 8 | 1.33 | 19.3 | 31.4 | 0.641 | 11.4 | 21.8 | 31.6 |
| 10 | 1.62 | 23.8 | 31.2 | 0.776 | 14.0 | 21.6 | 59.5 |
| 12 | 1.89 | 28.0 | 31.0 | 0.902 | 16.5 | 21.4 | 99.8 |
| 125x75x8 | 2.47 | 29.6 | 40.0 | 0.676 | 11.6 | 20.9 | 36.7 |
| 10 | 3.02 | 36.5 | 39.7 | 0.821 | 14.3 | 20.7 | 69.0 |
| 12 | 3.54 | 43.2 | 39.5 | 0.955 | 16.9 | 20.5 | 116 |
| 150x75x10 | 5.01 | 51.8 | 48.1 | 0.858 | 14.6 | 19.9 | 77.4 |
| 12 | 5.89 | 61.4 | 47.9 | 0.999 | 17.2 | 19.7 | 130 |
| 15 | 7.13 | 75.3 | 47.5 | 1.20 | 21.0 | 19.4 | 246 |
| 150x90x10 | 5.33 | 53.3 | 48.0 | 1.46 | 21.0 | 25.1 | 83.6 |
| 12 | 6.27 | 63.3 | 47.7 | 1.71 | 24.8 | 24.9 | 141 |
| 15 | 7.61 | 77.7 | 47.4 | 2.05 | 30.4 | 24.6 | 266 |
| About u-u | About v-v | ||||||
| 65x50x6 | 0.338 | 7.48 | 22.7 | 0.074 | 3.11 | 10.6 | 8.44 |
| 8 | 0.430 | 9.57 | 22.4 | 0.096 | 3.99 | 10.5 | 19.1 |
| 75x50x6 | 0.466 | 9.10 | 25.5 | 0.084 | 3.17 | 10.8 | 9.42 |
| 8 | 0.596 | 11.7 | 25.2 | 0.108 | 4.10 | 10.7 | 21.3 |
| 80x60x6 | 0.628 | 11.3 | 27.8 | 0.134 | 4.58 | 12.9 | 10.8 |
| 8 | 0.808 | 14.6 | 27.6 | 0.173 | 5.91 | 12.7 | 24.4 |
| 90x65x6 | 0.879 | 14.1 | 31.2 | 0.178 | 5.44 | 14.1 | 11.9 |
| 8 | 1.13 | 18.3 | 31.0 | 0.230 | 7.05 | 13.9 | 26.9 |
| 10 | 1.37 | 22.2 | 30.7 | 0.279 | 8.58 | 13.8 | 50.9 |
| 100x65x8 | 1.44 | 21.2 | 33.7 | 0.248 | 7.14 | 14.0 | 29.9 |
| 10 | 1.75 | 25.9 | 33.5 | 0.302 | 8.73 | 13.9 | 56.2 |
| 100x75x6 | 1.25 | 17.9 | 34.9 | 0.268 | 7.29 | 16.2 | 14.1 |
| 8 | 1.62 | 23.4 | 34.7 | 0.346 | 9.48 | 16.0 | 31.6 |
| 10 | 1.97 | 28.5 | 34.5 | 0.422 | 11.6 | 15.9 | 59.5 |
| 12 | 2.30 | 33.3 | 34.2 | 0.495 | 13.5 | 15.9 | 99.8 |
| 125x75x8 | 2.74 | 32.5 | 42.1 | 0.409 | 9.75 | 16.3 | 36.7 |
| 10 | 3.34 | 39.9 | 41.8 | 0.499 | 12.0 | 16.1 | 69.0 |
| 12 | 3.91 | 46.9 | 41.5 | 0.585 | 14.1 | 16.1 | 116 |
| 150x75x10 | 5.32 | 54.4 | 49.6 | 0.553 | 12.3 | 16.0 | 77.4 |
| 12 | 6.24 | 64.2 | 49.3 | 0.649 | 14.6 | 15.9 | 130 |
| 15 | 7.54 | 78.4 | 48.8 | 0.788 | 17.9 | 15.8 | 246 |
| 150x90x10 | 5.91 | 58.5 | 50.5 | 0.883 | 17.5 | 19.5 | 83.6 |
| 12 | 6.94 | 69.1 | 50.2 | 1.04 | 20.7 | 19.4 | 141 |
| 15 | 8.41 | 84.2 | 49.8 | 1.26 | 25.3 | 19.3 | 266 |
