I-sections (Parallel flange)(Universal beams)

There are many advantages to constructing with steel: the strength to weight ratio is excellent; metals join easily; efficient shapes are available; etc. These create challenges that are best solved by a good understanding of how the metals actually perform in a structure. Structural steel shapes are suitable for a wide variety of uses. For example they are used in, building frames, roof trusses, floor framing, bench frames, gates, fences, cattle grids, scaffolds, tank stands, television towers, car trailers, rails, etc.

Most structural steel failures occur at connections, where a beam connects to a column, where a joist connects to a beam, etc. The Structural Engineer must design the steel members and give guidelines for the connections. The cold-formed sections are suitable for all types of welding such as spot welding, seam welding, projection welding, butt and groove welding, plug welding and arc welding. All of these are applicable to both uncoated and zinc coated sections.

Different shapes of structural steel (both hot-rolled and cold-formed) are available with specifications such as: I-beam’s, Z-Shape (half a flange in opposite directions), HSS-Shape (Hollow structural section such as square, rectangular, circular (pipe) and elliptical cross-sections), Equal angle, L-shaped cross-section, Channel ( [-shaped), Tee (T-shaped cross-sections), Rail profile (asymmetrical I-beam), Flanged T-rail, Bar (a piece of metal flat and long), Plate (metal sheets thicker than 6 mm or 1⁄4 in), Open web steel joist.

Some structural steel shapes such as I-beams have a high second moments of area, which can result in stiffness compared to cross-sectional area. It is very important for engineers to have understanding of the material and its limitations.

I-sections (Parallel flange)(Universal beams) dimensions and properties
Designation hbm	m	h	b	tw	tf	r1	hw	A	About x-x
	kg/m	mm	mm	mm	mm	mm	mm	10³mm²	I 10^6mm^4
IPE sections
IPEAA 100	6.72	97.6	55	3.6	4.5	7	74.6	0.856	1.36
IPE 100	8.10	100	55	4.1	5.7	7	74.6	1.03	1.71
IPEAA 120	8.36	117	64	3.8	4.8	7	93.4	1.06	2.44
IPE 120	10.4	120	64	4.4	6.3	7	93.4	1.32	3.18
IPEAA 140	10.1	136.6	73	3.8	5.2	7	112	1.28	4.07
IPE 140	12.9	140	73	4.7	6.9	7	112	1.64	5.41
IPEAA 160	12.3	156.4	82	4	5.6	9	127	1.57	6.59
IPE 160	15.8	160	82	5	7.4	9	127	2.01	8.69
IPEAA 180	14.9	176.4	91	4.3	6.2	9	146	1.90	10.2
IPE 180	18.8	180	91	5.3	8	9	146	2.39	13.2
IPEAA 200	18.0	196.4	100	4.5	6.7	12	159	2.29	15.3
IPE 200	22.4	200	100	5.6	8.5	12	159	2.85	19.4
Universal beams
203x113x25	25.1	203.2	133.2	5.7	7.8	7.6	172	3.22	23.5
30	30.0	206.8	133.9	6.4	9.6	7.6	172	3.80	28.9
254x146x31	31.1	251.4	146.1	6.0	8.6	7.6	219	3.99	44.3
37	37.0	256	146.4	6.3	10.9	7.6	219	4.74	55.5
43	43.0	259.6	147.3	7.2	12.7	7.6	219	5.50	65.5
305x102x25	24.8	305.1	101.6	5.8	6.7	7.6	276	3.12	43.6
28	28.2	308.9	101.9	6.1	8.9	7.6	276	3.64	54.4
33	32.8	312.7	102.4	6.6	10.8	7.6	276	4.18	65.0
305x165x40	40.3	303.8	165.1	6.1	10.2	8.9	266	5.16	85.5
46	46.1	307.1	165.7	6.7	11.8	8.9	266	5.88	99.3
54	54.0	310.9	166.8	7.7	13.7	8.9	266	6.82	117
356x171x45	45.0	352.0	171.0	6.9	9.7	10.2	312	5.70	121
51	51.0	355.6	171.5	7.3	11.5	10.2	312	6.46	142
57	57.0	358.6	172.1	8.0	13.0	10.2	312	7.22	161
67	67.1	364.0	173.2	9.1	15.7	10.2	312	8.55	195
406x140x39	39.0	397.3	141.8	6.3	8.6	10.2	360	4.92	124
46	46.0	402.3	142.4	6.9	11.2	10.2	359	5.90	157
406x178x54	54.1	402.6	177.6	7.6	10.9	10.2	360	6.86	187
60	60.1	406.4	177.8	7.8	12.8	10.2	360	7.61	215
67	67.1	409.4	178.8	8.8	14.3	10.2	360	8.55	243
74	74.2	412.8	179.7	9.7	16.0	10.2	360	9.53	274
457x191x67	67.1	453.6	189.9	8.5	12.7	10.2	408	8.55	294
74	74.3	457.2	190.5	9.1	14.5	10.2	408	9.51	334
82	82.0	460.2	191.3	9.9	16.0	10.2	408	10.5	371
89	89.3	463.6	192.0	10.6	17.7	10.2	408	11.4	411
98	98.3	467.6	192.8	11.4	19.6	10.2	408	12.5	458
533x210x82	82.2	528.3	208.7	9.6	13.2	12.7	476	10.5	475
92	92.1	533.1	209.3	10.2	15.6	12.7	476	11.8	553
101	101	536.7	210.1	10.9	17.4	12.7	476	12.9	616
109	109	539.5	210.7	11.6	18.8	12.7	476	13.9	668
122	122	544.6	211.9	12.8	21.3	12.7	477	15.6	762

I-sections (Parallel flange)(Universal beams) dimensions and properties (continued)
	About x-x			About y-y
Designation hbm	Ze	Zpl	r	I	Ze	Zpl	r	J	Cw
	10^6mm^4	10^6mm^4	mm	10^6mm^4	10^6mm^4	10^6mm^4	mm	10^6mm^4	10^6mm^4
IPE sections
IPEAA 100	27.8	31.9	39.8	0.126	4.57	7.23	12.1	7.33	0.272
IPE 100	34.2	39.4	40.7	0.159	5.79	9.15	12.4	12.1	0.354
IPEAA 120	41.7	47.6	47.9	0.211	6.59	10.4	14.1	9.55	0.663
IPE 120	53.0	60.7	49.0	0.277	8.65	13.6	14.5	17.4	0.894
IPEAA 140	59.7	67.6	56.4	0.338	9.27	14.5	16.3	12.0	1.46
IPE 140	77.3	88.3	57.4	0.449	12.3	19.2	16.5	24.6	1.99
IPEAA 160	84.3	95.2	64.8	0.517	12.6	19.7	18.1	18.2	2.94
IPE 160	109	124	65.8	0.683	16.7	26.1	18.4	36.2	3.98
IPEAA 180	116	130	73.2	0.781	17.2	26.7	20.3	24.9	5.66
IPE 180	146	166	74.2	1.01	22.2	34.6	20.5	48.1	7.46
IPEAA 200	156	176	81.9	1.12	22.4	35.0	22.1	38.7	10.1
IPE 200	194	221	82.6	1.42	28.5	44.6	22.4	70.2	13.1
Universal beams
203x133x25	231	259	85.4	3.09	46.3	71.2	31.0	62.1	29.5
30	279	313	87.2	3.84	57.4	88.0	31.8	103	37.3
254x146x31	352	395	105	4.48	61.3	94.2	33.5	88.2	66.0
37	433	485	108	5.71	78.0	119	34.7	155	85.7
43	505	568	109	6.77	92.0	141	35.1	242	103
305x102x25	286	336	118	1.19	23.5	37.8	19.6	48.0	26.5
28	352	408	122	1,58	30.9	49.2	20.8	78.3	35.5
33	416	481	125	1.94	37.9	60.0	21.5	123	44.2
305x165x40	563	626	129	7.66	92.8	142	38.5	149	165
46	647	722	130	8.96	108	166	39.0	223	195
54	752	843	131	10.6	127	195	39.4	345	234
356x171x45	686	773	146	8.10	94.7	146	37.7	160	237
51	796	895	148	9.68	113	174	38.7	238	287
57	896	1010	149	11.1	129	198	39.1	334	330
67	1070	1210	151	13.6	157	243	39.9	560	413
406x140x39	625	718	159	4.10	57.8	90.7	28.9	108	155
46	779	889	163	5.40	75.9	119	30.3	194	207
406x178x54	927	1050	165	10.2	115	178	38.6	233	391
60	1060	1200	168	12.0	135	209	39.7	332	465
67	1190	1350	169	13.6	153	237	39.9	465	533
74	1330	1510	170	15.5	173	268	40.3	642	610
457x191x67	1300	1470	185	14.5	153	237	41.2	376	706
74	1460	1660	187	16.7	176	273	42.0	527	820
82	1610	1830	188	18.7	196	304	42.3	699	923
89	1770	2020	190	20.9	218	339	42.8	921	1040
98	1960	2230	191	23.5	243	379	43.3	1220	1180
533x210x82	1800	2060	213	20.0	192	300	43.8	527	1330
92	2080	2370	217	23.9	228	356	45.0	772	1600
101	2300	2620	218	27.0	257	400	45.7	1030	1820
109	2480	2830	219	29.4	279	435	46.0	1280	1990
122	2800	3200	221	33.9	320	500	46.6	1810	2320